- Today following categories of computer software present continuing challenges for
software engineers:
System software: System software is a collection of programs written to service other
programs. Some system software (e.g., compilers, editors, and file management
utilities) process complex, but determinate, information structures. Other systems
applications (e.g., operating system components, drivers) process largely
indeterminate data.
Application software: Application software consists of standalone programs that solve
a specific business need. Applications in this area process business or technical data in
a way that facilitates business operations or managements / technical decision making.
In addition to conventional data processing applications, application software is used
to control business functions in real time (e.g. point-of-sale transaction processing).
Software Engineering
Engineering and scientific software: Engineering and scientific software have been
characterized by “number crunching” algorithms. Applications range from astronomy
to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynamics, and
from molecular biology to automated manufacturing. However, modern applications
within the engineering/ scientific area are moving away from conventional numerical
algorithms. Computer-aided design, system simulation, and other interactive
applications have begun to take on real-time and even system software characteristics.
Embedded software: Intelligent products have become commonplace in nearly every
consumer and industrial market. Embedded software resides in read-only memory and
is used to control products and systems for the consumer and industrial markets.
Embedded software can perform very limited and esoteric functions (e.g., keypad
control for a microwave oven) or provide significant function and control capability
(e.g., digital functions in an automobile such as fuel control, dashboard displays, and
braking systems).
Product line software: Designed to provide specific capability for use by many different
customers, product-line software can focus on a limited and esoteric marketplace (e.g.
inventory control products) or address mass consumer markets (e. g. Word processing,
spreadsheets, computer graphics, multimedia, entertainment, database management,
personal and business financial applications)
Web-based software: “WebApps” span a wide array of applications. In their simplest
form, WebApps can be little more than a set of linked hypertext files that present
information using text and limited graphics. However, as e-commerce and B2B
applications grow in importance. WebApps are evolving into sophisticated computing
environments that not only provide standalone features, computing functions and
content to the end user, but also are integrated with corporate databases and business
applications.
Artificial intelligence software: Artificial intelligence (AI) software makes use of
nonnumerical algorithms to solve complex problems that are not amenable
(responsive) to computation or straightforward analysis. Applications within this area
include robotics, expert systems pattern recognition (image and voice), artificial neural
networks, theorem proving, and game playing.
Software Applications and categories in computer
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